Water districts try to rebound after 2011's drought conditions

Although the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District met its 2010 deadline to reduce by 30 percent dependency on groundwater in north and west Harris County, 70 percent of the area must be supplied with surface water by 2020.

During last summer's drought, the HGSD saw a slight flip-flop in the benefits from the previous conversions, as more users switched back to groundwater, said Tom Michel, deputy general manager for the HGSD. The change happened because of the high demand for both surface water, which comes from creeks and lakes, and groundwater, which is pumped from underground aquifers.

"It was definitely a test of the system, and we had some challenges, but everyone made it through unscathed," Michel said. "If we had an extended drought, it would pose some issues, because the reservoirs wouldn't have time to refill."

Subsidence

The earliest signs of subsidence—sinking caused by too much groundwater pumping—became most apparent by the '60s and '70s when the economic boom began in Houston.

"A lot of industry was coming, along with all the people who supported that," Michel said. "The demand for water was increasing rapidly, mostly in the coastal areas."

The district addressed the problem where it was worst first, before moving inland to deal with the rest of the county. In Northwest Houston, the epicenter of subsidence has been roughly around the Jersey Village area, Michel said.

"Typically there will be a small amount of natural subsidence, because the ground will settle," he said. "You could maybe expect to see half a foot to a foot every 100-plus years, whereas you look back over the past 100 years [around Jersey Village] and you see seven-plus feet of subsidence."

A monitoring site at FM 1960 and Hwy. 290 has measured nearly 20 inches of subsidence since 1996, according to the HGSD. Even sites farther west in Cypress such as Skinner Road at Hwy. 290 have measured almost 10 inches since 2000.

Conversion process

The West Harris County Water Authority, which oversees the area west of Hwy. 290, has an agreement with the City of Houston and other water authorities in the area to fund the Luce Bayou Project, which will transfer 400 million gallons of surface water daily from the Trinity River via Luce Bayou to Lake Houston as a future water supply.

In addition, the authority has partnered with the Northern Fort Bend Water Authority to construct and design a large diameter transmission to transfer water from the City of Houston's northeast water treatment plant across town to western Harris County.

The 2020 conversion is expected to cost $750 million to $1 billion, and it will be funded through user fees and a $42 million infrastructure loan from the Texas Water Development Board, said Wayne Ahrens, program manager for the WHCRWA.

Several communities in Cypress, including Towne Lake, Bridgeland and Cypress Creek Lakes, will be converted to surface water by the end of the year. In addition to a monthly water bill based on usage, residents in those communities under the WHCRWA pay a pumpage fee of $1.75 per 1,000 gallons, but they will pay a surface fee of $2.50 per 1,000 gallons when the conversion is complete. The North Harris County Regional Water Authority, which oversees the area east of Hwy. 290, has a groundwater fee of $1.75 per 1,000 gallons, and its surface water fee is $2.20 per 1,000 gallons.

"The people in west Harris County are affected because they need to change how they use their water," said state Rep. Bill Callegari, R-Katy. "As we move forward it will cost more, and they've seen that already."

Conservation issues

As the Houston area begins to rely more heavily on surface water, there needs to be an adequate source of water from lakes, Callegari said.

"[Using a lot of surface water] does strain those resources, so we do need to be conscientious," he said. "We need to plant grasses and shrubs that will use less water, and we basically need to learn to self-ration."

The City of Jersey Village will propose a plan as part of its 2012–13 budget to use its treated sewer water to irrigate the city golf course. Construction estimates are about $150,000–$200,000 to build the proper sewer lines, but the irrigation would be exempt from the NHCRWA fees, said Mike Castro, city manager.

"From a conservation standpoint, the golf course relies on groundwater wells, and since we have subsidence issues, the more we can get off groundwater wells, the better," he said.

There are two reservoirs in Harris County that supply the area with its drinking water, but more people in the state need to realize there is a need for new facilities, Callegari said.

The Texas Legislature designated 22 future sites around the state on which to build reservoirs, but there are none planned for Harris County. Located in Austin County, the proposed Allens Creek Reservoir will provide water to the Houston area. Although plans have been in the works since the '80s, construction is not expected to begin until 2018.

"It's an issue of if you build it, will they come? Most people won't commit to purchasing water until they know they need it," Callegari said.